Le khasi laguqulelwa ngokuzenzakalela kusuka ngesiNgisi futhi ayikho ebuyekezwe ngumhumushi. Izimo zomthetho nezomthetho zingaba ziyiphutha. Uhlobo lwesiNgisi luyinguqulo egunyaziwe. Funda le khasi ngesiNgisi
Xhumana nommeli

Umthetho olandelwayo · Yurophu (kunga-EU)

i-United Kingdom

I-UK iyinye yezindawo ezinkulu zezimali zamazwe omhlaba, eyenziwe ngaphesheya kwedolobha laseLondon. Amabhange alawulwa yi-Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA, ingxenye ye-Bank of England) kanye ne-Financial Conduct Authority (FCA); ezinye izinkampani eziningi zezezimali, kuhlanganise nokukhokha, i-e-money, inkokhelo nezinkampani ze-cryptoasset, zigunyazwe noma zibhaliswe yi- FCA kuphela.

Isibhamu sengoziIsiqephu
FATFAkukho kuluhlu
EU AML uhlu lwengozi ephezuluAkukho kuluhlu
i-EU tax listAkukho kuluhlu
Izinhlelo zelayisense6
Imalii-GBP
Izinga le-S&PI-AA
Ukhetho Olulandelayo2029

Ayikho ku FATF 19 kuJuni 2026), hhayi engxenyeni yoMthethosivivinywa (EU) 2016/1675 ogunyaziwe njengoba uqiniswe ngomhla ka-29 kuJanuwari 2026, futhi hhayi engxenyeni yokuqala yohlu lwezimali ze-EU njengoba lubuyekeziwe ngoFebhuwari 2026. Kuhlolwe nge-7 kuOkthoba 2026.

Umbuso nepolitiki

UMbuso
I-parliamentary constitutional monarchy
u-King
Charles III · kusukela ngoSepthemba 2022
uMphathiswa Omkhulu
uAndy Burnham (iqembu labasebenzi)
Amaqembu alawulayo
i-Labour Party
Ukhetho oludlule
Ukhetho oluphelele, 4 kuJulayi 2024
Ukhetho Olulandelayo
Ukhetho oluphelele, luzokwenziwa ngu 2029. Andy Burnham succeeded Keir Starmer as Labour leader and Prime Minister in July 2026 without a general election, after winning the Makerfield by-election on 18 June 2026
Umthethosivivinywa
IParliament: iHouse of Commons (amasevisi angama-650) kanye neHouse of Lords
Indlela yomthetho
Umthetho ojwayelekile wase-England (iScotland inenqubo yomthetho wesizwe kanye nomthetho ojwayelekile)

Economics and finance

Abahlali
69.5m (2025)
I-GDP
i-USD 4tn (2025)
I-GDP ngamuntu
USD 57,608 (2025)
Imali
i-Pound sterling (GBP), eguqukayo
Ibhange Eliphakathi
i-Bank of England
Izinga lemali
S&P AA (iqinile) · Moody's Aa3 (iqinile) · Fitch AA- (iqinile) (ngoAgasti 2026)

I-economy elawulwa yizinsizakalo lapho idolobha laseLondon liyisizinda esisha semali yamazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi kumabhange, ukushintshana kwamanye amazwe, inshuwalense kanye nokulawula izimpahla.

Ibhange

Ingxenye 4A imvume yokuthatha izikweletu (igunya lebhange lase-UK)

Imali encaneAkukho kushicilelwe
IsikhathiIsikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi esisemthethweni se 6 amasonto kusuka kusicelo esiphelele, noma 12 amasonto kusukela ekutholeni isicelo esingaphelelanga
IgunyaPRA, ngesinqumo se-FCA (umthetho ophindwe kabili)
Umthetho
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, Part 4A; PRA and FCA Threshold Conditions
Izindleko
Izindleko ezikhokhelwa i FCA futhi zihlukaniswe ngokulingana phakathi kwe- FCA ne- PRA. Ikhasi lezindleko le- FCA likhombisa amabhange angaphansi kohlelo lokukhokha lwesigaba 7 (GBP 28,150); izicelo ezinzima ku-A1 deposit-acceptor fee-block zidwetshwe ngaphansi kohlelo 8 (GBP 56,300). Izingqungquthela zokuqala zokubhalisa zingakhethwa.
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akukho ipasipoti ye-EU kusukela kuBrexit; ibhanki lase-UK lidinga isigunyazo sasekhaya ezweni ngalinye le-EEA.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Uhlangabezana nezidingo ze-PRA no-FCA eziphezulu ngesikhathi sokuthola imvume kanye ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufaka phakathi ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa
  • Uhlelo lokulawulwa kwebhizinisi, i-ICAAP kanye ne-ILAAP kubuyekezwa ngenqubo ekhethiwe yesigaba esithathu ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo (ukuqala, ubufakazi, izinhlanganiso zezinkinga zobuchwepheshe)
  • Imali engenayo yenyanga ezingu-12 zokuqala zokusebenza okucwangcisiwe (noma yesikhathi sokuzibophezela uma kusetshenziswa ukuzibophezela), nge CRR Isiqephu 26(3) isigunyazo sezinsiza CET1
  • Ibhodi elifanele kanye nokulawula okuphezulu; okungenani uNgqongqoshe, uMqondisi Omkhulu kanye nomphathi wesithathu ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo
  • Indlela yokuqoqa: igunyazwe ngemikhawulo, inani eliphelele lemali ekhokhwayo lilinganiselwa ku-GBP 50,000, okungenani 12 izinyanga; phuma ngoshintsho lwesigunyazi esisetshenziswa kuze kube yi 3 amasonto ngaphambi kokuba ama 12 amasonto aphele
Sources(5)
  1. Bank of England: New bank authorisation process · checked 2026-10-07
  2. Bank of England: Mobilisation · checked 2026-10-07
  3. Bank of England: New Bank Start-up Unit, regulatory expectations · checked 2026-10-07
  4. PRA Supervisory Statement SS3/21 (January 2026): Non-systemic UK banks, the PRA's approach to new and growing banks · checked 2026-10-07
  5. FCA: Authorisation and registration application fees · checked 2026-10-07
Inhlangano yemali-elektroniki

Inhlangano egunyaziwe yemali-elektroniki

Imali encanei-USD 392k
IsikhathiFCA kumele acacise isicelo esiphelele ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ze-3 kanye nanoma yisiphi isicelo ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ze-12 zokuthola (EMRs 2011 reg. 9)
IgunyaFCA

Um kapitali wokuqala okungenani we-EUR 350,000 (ama-EMI amancane: i-2% yesilinganiso semali ye-e ekhona uma ifinyelela ku-EUR 500,000)

Umthetho
Electronic Money Regulations 2011 (SI 2011/99), Schedule 2
Izindleko
FCA inkokhelo yokufaka isicelo Isigaba 5 (GBP 5,640) se-EMI egunyazwe; Isigaba 3 (GBP 1,130) se-EMI esincane.
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akukho ipasipoti ye-EEA kusukela ngeBrexit.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Imali yokuqala kanye nezimali eziqhubekayo zomuntu ngamunye ngaphansi kweShedu 2
  • Ukuvikelwa kwezinkokhelo ezifunyenwe ngemali ye-e
  • Ukulawula nokuphatha ngokufanele
  • AML/Izinhlelo ze-CTF ngaphansi kweMigomo Yokuhlanza Imali ka-2017
Sources(3)
  1. legislation.gov.uk: Electronic Money Regulations 2011, Schedule 2 · checked 2026-10-07
  2. legislation.gov.uk: Electronic Money Regulations 2011, regulation 9 · checked 2026-10-07
  3. FCA: Authorisation and registration application fees · checked 2026-10-07
Umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zokukhokha (PSP)

Inhlangano egunyaziwe yokukhokha

Imali encanei-USD 140k
IsikhathiFCA kumele acacise isicelo esiphelele ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ze-3 kanye nanoma yisiphi isicelo ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ze-12 zokuthola (PSRs 2017 reg. 9)
IgunyaFCA

I-EUR 125,000 yezinsizakalo zokukhokha (a) kuya ku-(e) zeSixhumanisi 1; i-EUR 50,000 yokuqashwa kwezimali kuphela; i-EUR 20,000 yokuthumela imali kuphela; akukho ulwazi lwe-akhawunti kuphela

Umthetho
Payment Services Regulations 2017 (SI 2017/752), Schedule 3
Izindleko
FCA izindleko zokufaka isicelo zeKategori 4 (GBP 2,820) noma iKategori 5 (GBP 5,640) ye-PI egunyazwe ngokuya ngezinsizakalo; IKategori 3 (GBP 1,130) ye-PI encane.
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akukho ipasipoti ye-EEA kusukela ngeBrexit.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Imali yokuqala kanye nezimali zomuntu siqu ngaphansi kwendlela A, B noma C njengoba kuqondiswe yi FCA
  • Ukuvikelwa kwezinkokhelo ezifanele
  • Ukulawula okulungile nokunethezeka
  • AML/Izinhlelo ze-CTF
Sources(3)
  1. legislation.gov.uk: Payment Services Regulations 2017, Schedule 3 · checked 2026-10-07
  2. legislation.gov.uk: Payment Services Regulations 2017, regulation 9 · checked 2026-10-07
  3. FCA: Authorisation and registration application fees · checked 2026-10-07
Umhlinzeki wenkonzo yezinto ezibonakalayo (VASP)

Ukubhaliswa kwebhizinisi le-cryptoasset (Imibandela yokubulala izimali)

Imali encaneAkukho kushicilelwe
IsikhathiFCA inenyanga ezingu-3 zokucabanga uma ithola yonke imininingwane edingekayo
IgunyaFCA (AML/umphathi weCTF wezimakethe ze-cryptoasset kusukela ngoJanuwari 10, 2020)
Umthetho
Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017
Izindleko
FCA isigaba 6 (i-GBP 11,260), engabuyiselwa emuva; amaholo eminyaka aqhubekayo asebenza.
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akunalutho. Ukubhaliswa akunikezi ukuvikelwa kwe-FOS noma i-FSCS kumakhasimende.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Ubhalise ngaphambi kokuqala izinsizakalo ze-cryptoasset ezisebenza e-UK
  • AML/Iphrojekthi ye-CTF kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamamenenja aphezulu
  • Ushintsho kulawulo ludinga FCA ukugunyazwa kuqala
  • I-REP-CRIM yeminyaka yonke
Sources(3)
  1. FCA: Cryptoassets AML/CTF regime · checked 2026-10-07
  2. FCA: Cryptoasset registration, information for applicants · checked 2026-10-07
  3. FCA: Authorisation and registration application fees · checked 2026-10-07
Umhlinzeki wenkonzo yezinto ezibonakalayo (VASP)

Ukugunyazwa kwe-FSMA ngezinqumo zokusebenza kwezimpahla ze-crypto (uhlelo olusha)

Imali encaneAkukho kushicilelwe
IsikhathiAkukho kushicilelwe
IgunyaFCA
Umthetho
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026, passed by Parliament on 4 February 2026
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akukho.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Inqubo isebenza ngokuphelele kusukela ngo-Okthoba 25, 2027; ifaka ukukhishwa kwe-stablecoin, amapulatifomu wokuhweba, ukuhweba, ukuhlela, ukuvikelwa, ukutshala imali, ukudlulisa kanye nokukhokha
  • Ubhaliso olukhona lwe-MLR aluguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela; amabhange kufanele afune isitifiketi se-FSMA
  • Ifasitela lokufaka isicelo sezinkampani ezithembela ekuhlinzekweni kwezinkokhelo: 30 Septhemba 2026 kuya ku-28 Februwari 2027
  • Imithetho yokuphepha encwadini entsha ye-COREPRU ne-CRYPTOPRU sourcebooks (FCA imithetho ephelile izoshicilelwa ngoJuni 30, 2026)
Sources(2)
  1. FCA: Cryptoassets · checked 2026-10-07
  2. FCA: Overview of our cryptoasset regime policy statements · checked 2026-10-07
Inkampani yokutshala imali

Inkampani yokutshala imali ye-MiFID (Ingxenye 4A igunya)

Imali encanei-USD 99k
IsikhathiIzinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi zeFSMA Part 4A: 6 amasonto kusuka kusicelo esiphelele, 12 amasonto kusukela kusicelo esingaphelelanga (njengoba kuchazwe ngezinhlelo zebhange yi-Bank of England)
IgunyaFCA

Izidingo eziphansi eziqhubekayo kusuka ku-GBP 75,000 (isibonelo, ukufinyelela nokudlulisa izicelo, akukho imali yomxhasi) kuya ku-GBP 150,000 (ukubamba imali yomxhasi noma izimpahla, ukulawula i-MTF) kanye ne-GBP 750,000 (ukuhweba nge-akhawunti yakho, ukubhaliswa)

Umthetho
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, Part 4A; FCA Handbook MIFIDPRU 4.4
Izindleko
FCA izindleko zokufaka isicelo zixhomekeke ezivumeni; amanye ama-MiFID investment managers kanye nama-CFD firms angaphansi kwesigaba 6 (GBP 11,260).
Ukudluliswa kwepasipoti
Akukho ipasipoti ye-EEA kusukela ngeBrexit.
Izidingo ezibalulekile
  • Imali yomuntu siqu ephansi kunazo zonke ezidingayo, izindleko eziqinile ezidingekayo kanye nesidingo se-K-factor
  • Abantu abafanele futhi abagunyaziwe ngokuvumelana noMphathisi Ophezulu kanye neSitifiketi
  • Imithetho yemali nempahla yomsebenzisi lapho isetshenziswa khona
Sources(2)
  1. FCA Handbook: MIFIDPRU 4.4 Permanent minimum capital requirement · checked 2026-10-07
  2. FCA: Authorisation and registration application fees · checked 2026-10-07
Ama-Supervisors

Ubani olawula

  • Inhlangano Yokulawulwa Kwezokuphepha (Ibhange Lase-England) (PRA) · iwebhusayithiamabhange
  • I-Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) · iwebhusayithiamabhange, izinhlangano zemali yedijithali, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokukhokha, izinkampani zokutshala imali, abahlinzeki bezinkonzo zezimali ezibonakalayo (VASPs)

I-UK minimum initial capital for a new bank was not confirmed from an opened official source, so it is left null; the PRA assesses capital adequacy for the first 12 months of operation case by case. The FCA timeline shown for investment firms reflects the statutory FSMA Part 4A deadlines described by the Bank of England for bank applications. Under the new cryptoasset regime, companies must apply in the savings window (30 September 2026 to 28 February 2027) to keep operating while their application is assessed; the Government consulted in April 2026 on a draft SI that may move some UK-issued stablecoin activity into a future payments regime. Online gambling (UK Gambling Commission) was not covered in this pass.

Ulwazi oluphelele

Manje nge-United Kingdom

i-United Kingdom
i-United Kingdom i-London
Izilimi zesihlabathi. I-map ikhombisa kuphela.
Isimo
Izwe elilawulayo
Idolobhakazi
i-London
Indawo
243,610 km²
Izilimi ezisemthethweni
isiNgisi, Welsh (e-Wales)
Indawo yesikhathi
UTC+00:00 (UTC+01:00 ebusika)

Ukuthunyelwa okuyinhloko

  • izinsizakalo zezimali
  • izinsizakalo zebhizinisi nezochwepheshe
  • izimoto
  • igolide
  • i-gas turbines
  • imithi epakishwe

Abahlanganyeli abakhulu

  • i-United States
  • i-China
  • IJalimane
  • i-Netherlands
  • i-Ireland
Sources for the country information(8)

Ulwazi lwezwe luhlolwe ngo-Okthoba 9, 2026. Idatha yelayisense ivuselelwe ngo-Okthoba 7, 2026. Ulwazi kuphela, hhayi incazelo yomthetho; izimfuneko zishintsha. Isaziso sokulawula.