Ukulungiswa kwezinkokhelo ze-EU: PSD3, imithetho yezinsizakalo zokukhokha kanye nezimali ezisheshayo

Umthetho wokukhokha we-EU ushintsha ngezindlela ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye. Omunye ushintsho luyasebenza: i-Instant Payments Regulation, eyenza ukudluliswa kwe-euro ngokuzenzekelayo nokuqinisekiswa komuntu okhokhelwayo kubhekwe njengezinga elijwayelekile emakethe. Enye, PSD3 kanye ne-Payment Services Regulation (PSR), yavunyelwana ngayo ngokwepolitiki kodwa iyaqhubeka nokuthatha isigqibo esisemthethweni.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yini edingekayo, nini kanye nobani othintana naye. Ingxenye yelayisense yokukhokha, kufaka phakathi izimali nemithetho yokuvikelwa kwezinhlangano zemali-e, ihlobene nomhlahlandlela ohlukile wezimali-e nezinhlangano zokukhokha.

Kungani izimiso zishintsha

PSD2 isetshenziswa kusukela lapho amazwe amalungu esebenzisa khona kuze kube ngu 13 Januwari 2018. Ivule umkhakha wokuqala ukukhokha kanye nabahlinzeki bolwazi lwe-akhawunti futhi yasungula ukuqinisekisa okuqinile komsebenzisi.

Izinkinga zayo ziye zavela ngokucacile. ngo-Apreli 2026 ichaza izinhloso zephakethe elisha njengokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa kwezinkokhelo, ukukhula kokuvikelwa kwamakhasimende, ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala, ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kwemali kanye nokushintsha izinqubomgomo ukuze zihlangabezane nezobuchwepheshe ezintsha.

Ukudluliswa kwe-euro kwakhona eminyakeni eminingi, kodwa ukuthunyelwa kwaba kungabi lula futhi abahlinzeki abaningi abaye banikela ngazo, ngakho i-EU yakhetha ukuzibeka ngaphansi komthetho.

Imithetho Yokukhokha Ngokukhawulela

Umthetho (EU) 2024/886 kwashicilelwa ngomhla ka-19 kuMsombuluko 2024. SEPA Umthetho (EU) No 260/2012, PSD2 kanye ne-Settlement Finality Directive, futhi isetshenziswa ekudlulisweni kwezimali nge-euro.

Izibopho eziyinhloko

Umthetho ubeka imisebenzi emihlanu eyinhloko kulabo abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhokha abangase banikeza ukudluliswa kwezimali:

1. Inikeze ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Noma yimuphi umhlinzeki onikeza ukudluliswa kwe-credit kufanele anikezele ngokuthumela nokucela ukudluliswa kwe-credit okuzenzakalelayo kuwo wonke amaklayenti ayo, nama-akhawunti angafinyelelwa amahora angama-24 ngosuku nganoma iyiphi imini yekhalenda (Isigaba 5a).
2. Amasekondi ayishumi. Umhlinzeki womuntu okhokhelwa kumele afake imali etholakalayo, futhi aqinisekise ukuqedwa, ngaphakathi kwamasekondi angama-10 ngemuva kokuthi umhlinzeki womkhokhi athole isinqumo.
3. Inani elifanayo lentengo. Izindleko zokudlulisa ngokushesha azikwazi ukudlula izindleko zokudlulisa kwekhadi elijwayelekile lohlobo olufanayo (Ingxenye 5b).
4. Ukuqinisekiswa komtholamali. Phambi kokuba umkhokheli agunyaze ukudluliswa, umhlinzeki kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi igama lomkhokheli lifana negama le-akhawunti, ngaphandle kwezindleko (Isigaba 5c).

Ukudluliswa kwezimali ngokushesha kufanele kutholakala nganoma iyiphi indlela lapho umthengisi angafaka khona ukudluliswa kwemali okujwayelekile.

Ukuqinisekiswa komuntu okhokhelwa

Ngokuya nge Isigaba 5c, umhlinzeki womuntu okhokhelwa uqinisekise ukuthi ngabe igama ne IBAN elinikezelwe ngumkhokhi lifana. Uma kuncane ukufana kwabo, umkhokhi uzoboniswa igama elilungile; uma kungafani, umkhokhi uzophoqelelwa ukuthi imali ingahamba kwi-akhawunti engagcinwanga ngumuntu okhokhelwa.

I-check ayikwazi ukuvimbela inkokhelo. Umkhokhi angagunyaza, futhi kufanele acaciswe ukuthi ukungabi nalutho kwesixhumanisi kuthetha ukuthini ngelungelo lokubuyiselwa imali.

Amakhasimende ebhizinisini ukuthumela ukukhokha inqwaba angakhetha ngaphandle kwecheck, futhi opt emuva ngaphakathi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umhlinzeki ukuthi enza ukuhlolwa ngokunembile angeke abe nesibopho sokudluliswa kulowo okhokhelwa okungalungile ngenxa yomuntu ophawula ongalungile. Uma ukuhlolwa ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yephutha umhlinzeki, umhlinzeki umkhokhi kufanele ibuyisele umkhokhi futhi ingathola ukulimala kusuka kumhlinzeki umkhokheli.

Ukuhlolwa kwesinqumo

Umthetho ushintshe indlela ukuhlolwa kwezingxabano esebenza ngayo ekukhokhweni kwamahhala. Isihloko 5d, abahlinzeki kumele bahlonze amakhasimende abo ngokumelene nezigwebo zezimali eziqondiswe yi-EU okungenani kabili ngosuku ngalunye lwekhalenda futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokudweba okusha noma okulungisiwe.

Akufanele futhi bahlole umkhokhi noma umtholamali ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ngasinye salezi zindlela eziqondisiwe. Ukuhlolwa ngezinye izizathu, kuhlanganise nezinye izimo zokuphoqelela kanye nemithetho yokuvimbela ukulahleka kwemali, akuthinteki.

Izinsuku zokuphela

Umthetho ubeka isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokuya ngemali yezwe lelungu lomhlinzeki.

Umsebenzi	Abahlinzeki ezindaweni ze-euro	Abahlinzeki kwezinye izizwe
Thina uthola ukudluliswa ngokushesha	9 kuJanuwari 2025	9 kuJanuwari 2027
Thumela ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo	9 Okthoba 2025	9 kuJulayi 2027
Intengo elinganayo	9 kuJanuwari 2025	9 kuJanuwari 2027
Ukuqinisekisa okhokhelwa	9 Okthoba 2025	9 kuJulayi 2027
Ukuhlolwa kwezingxabano ngosuku	9 kuJanuwari 2025	9 kuJanuwari 2025

Izinhlangano zokukhokha kanye nezinhlangano zemali ye-e zinezinsuku zabo zomsebenzi wokudlulisa ngokushesha ku Isigaba 5a. Ezweni le-euro kumele zithumeli futhi zithole ukudluliswa ngokushesha ngomhla ka-9 kweNhlangulana 2027; kwezinye izindawo kufanele zithole ngomhla ka-9 kweNhlangulana 2027 futhi zithumele ngomhla ka-9 kuJulayi 2027.

Abahlinzeki ezifundazweni ezingaba yilungu le-euro banga, ngegunya elingaphambilini lomphathi, bavimbela ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-euro kusuka kuma-akhawunti emali yezwe. Lo mkhawulo ubekwe ngumphathi futhi akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-EUR 25,000.

Ukuvula amaphrojekthi wokukhokha angaphandle kwamabhange

Umthetho ubhekene nenkinga ekhona iminyaka emide yezinhlangano zokukhokha kanye nezimali ze-e-money. Ushintshe iDigrithi Yokuqedela Ukuxazululwa ukuze amaPI nama-EMI akwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kumasistimu wokukhokhela PSD2 ivumela imali ekhuselwe ukuthi igcinwe kwibhange eliphakathi ngokuya ngesinqumo saleyo bhange. Izizwe ezingu- 9 kuNhlangulana 2025.

Ukufinyelela okuqondile ekukhanseleni nokuxazululeni kunciphisa uku зависимость on a sponsor bank, though each system and each central bank still sets its own admission criteria.

PSD3 kanye noMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zokukhokha

IKomidi lase-Europe liphakamise iphakethe ngomhla ka-28 kuJuni 2023.

Isisetshenziswa	Uhlobo	Izinto eziyinhloko
PSD3	I-Directive, idluliselwe izizwe	Ukunikezwa kwelayisense kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinhlangano zokukhokha, kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwemali-e;
PSR	Imithetho esebenzayo ngokuqondile	Imithetho yokuziphatha: ukubonakala, amalungelo nemisebenzi, ukugembula, i-banking evulekile, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile komsebenzisi

Ukudlulisa imithetho yokuziphatha ibe yimigomo kungenxa yokususa izinguquko ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthola izinqumo kuhlala kuqondiswa ngoba kuxhumana kakhulu nezinhlelo zokulawula zamazwe ngamazwe.

Isimo sezomthetho

Isivumelwano sepolitiki safika engqungqutheleni yesithathu ngomhla ka-26 kuNhlangulana 2025, ngokusho Umbiko weKhomishini. Amatekisi esinqumo athunyelwe ku-Coreper ngoAprili 2026 ukugunyazwa “ngokwethemba ukuthi kuzofinyelelwa emdlalweni wesithathu”.

Ngomhla ka-7 kuNdasa 2026, I-Legislative Observatory ikhombisa ukuthi ikomidi le-ECON leNdlunkulu ligunyazile amafayela avunyelwene ngawo ngomhla ka-5 kuMeyi 2026. Amafayela alinde ukubuyekezwa kokuqala kweKhomishana, futhi iObservatory ibonisa usuku lokuxoxisana oluzobe luyi-14 kuDisemba 2026.

Akunaso isinqumo esishicilelwe kwi-Official Journal. Amanombolo nezithombe zesihloko ezingezansi zivela embhalweni wesivumelwano ka-Ephreli 2026 futhi zingaphinde zihlolwe noma zilungiswe ekuqedweni kwemithetho yezenhlalo.

Uma imithetho isebenza

I-PSR compromise text isebenza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-21 zokungena esimweni. Amathuluzi angama-50 nama-57, athuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa komtholamali, asebenza ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-27.

PSD3 kumele idluliselwe futhi isebenziseke ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-21 zokungena emthethweni. Izinhlangano zezimali kanye nezimali zedijithali ezikhona zinezinsuku ezingama-27 ngemuva kokungena emthethweni ukukhombisa umphathi wabo ukuthi bahlangabezana nemibandela entsha.

Ukukhohlisa: iphakathi kwe PSR

Ukuvimbela ukugembula kuyinto ebonakala kakhulu ushintsho kumakhasimende. PSR umbhalo wesinqumo ungeza amathuluzi amaningi.

Ukuqinisekiswa komtholamali kuzo zonke izidluliselo zezimali

PSR Isiqephu 50 sifaka ukuhlolwa kwemithetho yomuntu okhokhelwa yiMthethosivivinywa Wokukhokha Ngokuqondile kuwo wonke ama-credit transfers, kuhlanganise nalawo angaphandle komkhawulo we SEPA Mthethosivivinywa. lapho i-akhawunti iphawulwe ngalutho ngaphandle kwe- IBAN, ukuhlola kubhekisa kulo mqondisi.

Isigaba 57 sibonisa imithetho yesibopho. Uma umhlinzeki engaphumelelanga ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngendlela efanele futhi inkokhelo ingalungile, umhlinzeki womuntu okhokhelayo kufanele abuyisele umuntu okhokhayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa futhi angathola imali evela kumhlinzeki ongenacala.

Ibhange elikhohlisa ngegama lakho

PSRIsigaba 59 sibhekisa ekuphazamisekeni lapho umsolwa enquma ukuba yibhange lomsebenzisi, usebenzisa amathuluzi okuxhumana ahlobene nalo. Uma lokhu kuholela ekugunyazeni ukukhokha, umhlinzeki kufanele abuyisele imali yonke, uma umsebenzisi ememezela ngokusobala futhi eveza ukwephulwa emaphoyiseni.

Umhlinzeki unezinsuku ezingu-15 zomsebenzi zokubuyisela imali noma ukuchaza ukuthi kungani e refuse. Kuzovunyelwa kuphela ukuba a refuse uma kubhekwa ukuthi kwenziwa ubhutshuzwayo noma ukwehluleka okukhulu komsebenzisi, futhi kuzothatha isinqumo sokuba nesibopho sokukhombisa lokhu.

Ulimi lokukhokha kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwedatha

Umbhalo wesinqumo unikeza amakhasimende ukulawula okuningi futhi unikeza abahlinzeki ulwazi oluningi:

• Spending limits. Amakhasimende angabeka ama-limits ngebhizinisi ngalinye noma ngesikhathi ngasinye. Ukuncipha okude kuthatha imiphumela kuphela ngemuva kokulibaziseka kwehora elilodwa, ngaphandle kokuthi amakhasimende ekhethe ukuyeka (Ingxenye 51).
• Ukwabelana ngedatha yokugembula. Abahlinzeki kumele bathathe inxaxheba ekusetshenzisweni kolwazi lokuwabelana ngezinsolo zokugembula, nedatha egcinwe iminyaka engangaphezu kwesihlanu.
• Ama-telecoms nama-platforms. Abahlinzeki bezingxoxo ze-elekthronikhi kumele bathathe izinyathelo zokulwa ne-caller ID kanye nokuthumela i-imeyili, futhi ama-platforms e-inthanethi amakhulu kakhulu kufanele asebenze nabahlinzeki bezikweletu.
• Izikhangiso zezimali. Amapulatifomu e-inthanethi amakhulu kakhulu kanye namathuluzi wokusesha kufanele abuze abakhangisi bezinkonzo zezezimali ezilawulwayo ubufakazi bokuthi bavunyelwe (Isigaba 59b).

Ukuqhathaniswa: indlela yase-UK

I-UK yakhetha imodeli ebanzi kakhulu yobugebengu obugunyaziwe bokufaka imali. Kusuka ngo-Okthoba 7, 2024, i Payment Systems Regulator idinga ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwefayela le-Faster Payments APP scams kuze kube yi-GBP 85,000 ngecala ngalinye, kanti iBank of England isebenzisa izinga elifanayo ku-CHAPS.

Isihloko se-EU sincane kakhulu. Sibhekisa ekukhanyeni komthengisi wekhasimende ngempela, hhayi kunoma yikuphi ukugembula okugunyaziwe, futhi lapho kusebenza khona, isigaba 59 sidinga ukubuyiswa kwenani eliphelele.

Vula amabhange ngaphansi kwe PSR

PSD2 wadala ilungelo lomsebenzisi lokusebenzisa ukuqala kwediphozithi kanye nabahlinzeki bemininingwane ye-akhawunti (Iziqephu 66 ne-67). Emisebenzini, umgangatho wendawo yokuxhumana nokuphazamiseka okubekwe yibhange kuvimbela ukukhishwa.

Umbhalo PSR wesinqumo ugcina imodeli futhi uyicindezela:

• Izixhumi ezikhethekile. Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-akhawunti kumele banikeze isixhumi esikhethekile sokufinyelela kolwazi, ngokusebenza nokutholakala kwezidingo (kusuka kusigaba 35).
• Izinselelo ezivunyelwe. Uhlu lwezindlela ezivimbela ukufinyelela abahlinzeki beqembu lesithathu livumelekile (Isigaba 44).
• I-Consent dashboard. Amabhange kufanele ahlinzeke ngamakhasimende nge-dashboard engxenyeni yabo yokuxhumana ukuze babone futhi basuse izivumelwano ezinikezelwe kulwazi lwe-akhawunti kanye nezinsizakalo zokuqalisa ukukhokha okuqhubekayo (Isigaba 43).

I-dashboard ibhekiswe ukuthi ibe namandla. Umbhalo uvimbela amabhange ekudambiseni kwayo ngendlela evimbela amakhasimende ekusebenziseni izinkonzo zeqembu lesithathu.

Ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti ebhange ezinhlangano zokukhokha

PSD2 idinga ukufinyelela ku-akhawunti zebhange ezinhlangano zokukhokha ngenhloso, ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa nokulinganiselwa. Emisebenzini, ukuvimbela kwahlala kuvame kakhulu.

PSR Isigaba 32 siqinisa izizathu lapho ibhange lingakwazi khona ukuxosha noma ukuvala i-akhawunti yenhlangano yokukhokha, abameli bayo noma umfakisicelo. Izizathu ezivunyelwayo zifaka phakathi ukwephula umthetho we-EU AML, ukwephula okubalulekile kwesivumelwano, amadokhumenti angekho kanye nokuxoshwa noma ukukhipha ilayisense lenhlangano.

Ukwenqaba kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokufaka isicelo esigcwele, ngezinkinga ezikhethekile zomuntu ofaka isicelo ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye.

Imali kanye nezinye izinguquko ku PSD3

PSD3 Isigaba 37 sivumela abahwebi ukuthi bahlinzeke ngemali engenayo ngaphandle kokuthenga, ngaphandle kohlelo lokugunyaza, kuze kube yi-EUR 150 ngayinye yokukhishwa. Amazwe amalungu angabeka umkhawulo ophansi ongangaphansi kwe-EUR 100, futhi ukukhishwa kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ikhasimende.

PSD3 futhi ihlanganisa imali ye-e nelayisense lenhlangano yokukhokha futhi ibeka amanqanaba emali amasha. La mashintsho, kanye nezimiso zesikhathi sokushintshana zabanikazi belayisensi abakhona, kubhalwe emkhakheni wezimali ze-e namaqembu okukhokha.

I-crypto ne-stablecoins

Ama-electronic money tokens angaphansi kwe MiCA nawo “amabhange” ngomthetho wokukhokha. I EBA yanikeza abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-crypto-asset kuze kube ngu 2 Mashi 2026 ukuthola igunya PSD2 lezinsizakalo zokukhokha ezibandakanya lezi zithonjana, futhi ku Februwari 2026 umbono wacebisa abaphathi ukuthi bangaqhubeka kanjani ngemuva kwalo mhla.

Umbhalo wesivumelwano PSD3 unikeza indlela encane. Abaphathi kufanele bathathe isigqibo ngaphakathi kwezinsuku zebhizinisi ezingu-60 ngesicelo esigcwele seMiCA-authorized CASP ofuna ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza zokukhokha kuphela nge-e-money tokens.

Izinkampani kufanele zikwenze nini manje

Uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimbili lezi zinhlelo luyaqhubeka ngokufanayo:

1. Izinkokhelo ezisheshayo. I-PIs ne-EMIs ezinikeza ukudluliswa kwezimali ze-euro kufanele zithuthukise amandla azo esikhathi esikhawulelwe yiSigaba 5a, kanye nokuqinisekiswa komuntu okhokhelwayo nokuhlolwa kwezingxabano ngosuku.
2. Ukulawula ukugembula. Amabhange nalabo abahlinzeka ngemali kufanele babeke izithombe zokuhlola ugembula, ukuxhumana nekhasimende kanye nemizamo yokubuyiselwa imali ku PSRAmapharamitha angama-50, ama-57 nama-59.
3. I-Open banking. Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-akhawunti kufanele babuyekeze izixhumanisi zabo ezikhethekile futhi benze i-dashboard yokuvuma.
4. Ukunikezwa kwelayisense. I-PI ne-EMI ezikhona kufanele zilungiselele ubufakazi obuzodingeka ngumphathi wabo ngaphansi PSD3 izimiso zokudluliswa.
5. Hlola umbhalo wokugcina. Amahora e- PSR ne- PSD3 aqala kusukela lapho kuqalwa khona, okuzoxhomekeka ekushicilelweni kweNcwadana Yomphakathi.

Izinkampani ezinamaklayenti ezindaweni ezahlukene kufanele zilindele ukukhokha ngokushesha, ukuhlolwa komuntu okhokhelwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali yokugembula ukuze zibe izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ngaphezu kwezinsiza zokukhetha.