Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́: AML, KYC àti àwọn ẹ̀yàn

FATF standards, customer due diligence, beneficial ownership, PEPs, sanctions, monitoring, suspicious activity reports, the EU AML package and the travel rule.

9 min ka · Ṣàfikún 2026-10-07 · 8 àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ Kekere

01Ìṣàmúlò-ètò FATF 40 náà, tí a pàtó ní October 2025, jẹ́ ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìdáràn. Àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá orilẹ́ẹ̀lì kọ̀ọ̀kan lò ǹfihàn wọn, àti FATF àwọn àgbèkalẹ̀ ẹ̀yàn-ẹ̀yàn ṣàyẹwo láti rí pé wọ́n bá ṣiṣẹ́.
02Customer due diligence ni mẹrin apakan: ṣalaye ati ki o ẹri awọn alabara, ṣalaye awọn onibara ti o ni anfani, ka awọn idi ti awọn ibasepọ, ati ki o wo o lori a ti nlọsiwaju ipilẹ.
03PEPs, awọn ile-ifowopamọ ati awọn orilẹ-ede ti o ga julọ nilo awọn igbesẹ ti o dara julọ, pẹlu itẹsiwaju ti iṣakoso giga ati awọn ayẹwo orisun owo.
04Awọn ofin tuntun ti EU AML lo lati ọjọ 10 Oṣù Kejìlá ọdun 2027, ati pe Ile-iṣẹ Anti-Money Laundering tuntun ti EU ni Frankfurt yoo bẹrẹ iwadi taara lori awọn entities ti a yan ni ọdun 2028.
05Fun awọn gbigbe crypto-asset ni EU, awọn alaye ti o bẹrẹ ati awọn olugbohunsafefe gbọdọ rin irin ajo pẹlu gbogbo gbigbe laisi akiyesi iye owo, lati 30 December 2024.

Financial crime compliance is where most new banks meet their first serious supervisory findings. It is also the area that correspondent banks examine most closely before opening accounts. A bank with a sound capital plan but weak anti-money laundering controls will struggle to obtain a license and, once licensed, to connect to the international payment system.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìpele-òkè: FATF

Financial Action Task Force fi ipari si awọn ofin kariaye ninu 40 Recommendations rẹ. akọsilẹ lọwọlọwọ, ti a gba ni 2012, ti ṣe imudojuiwọn ni Oṣu kọkanla 2025. Awọn orilẹ-ede ṣe ifowosowopo pẹlu awọn iṣeduro nipasẹ ofin, ati pe FATF ati awọn ẹgbẹ agbegbe rẹ ṣe ayẹwo gbogbo orilẹ-ede kan nipasẹ awọn iṣiro ti ara ẹni.

A ti ṣalaye ni isalẹ awọn igbesẹ ti o yẹ fun awọn banki.

Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀	Àkọsilẹ
R.1	Ṣayẹwo awọn ibajẹ ati fifi sori ẹrọ ọna ti o da lori ibajẹ
R.6 ati R.7	Àwọn ìgbàdálẹ̀ owo-ifowopamọ̀ nínú ìrìn-àjò atí igbimọ̀
R.10	Àwọn Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀
R.11	Ṣérékọ̀ọ̀nù
R.12	Awọn eniyan ti o ni ibatan si eto-ọrọ
R.13	Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò
R.15	Àwọn Tekinòlò Tí Tuntun, Gẹ́gẹ́ Bíi Aṣàfilọ́lẹ̀
R.16	Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ítàn, àwọn ìjánu-ìpamọ́ kọ̀ǹpútà
R.17 si R.19	Ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àwọn ẹ̀yàn kẹtà, ààyè-iṣẹ́ inú, ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí o pọ̀jú
R.20 ati R.21	Àkọlé àwòrán Ìṣàmúlò-ètò àti ìṣàfihàn
R.24 ati R.25	Àwọn ẹ̀yàn tí a gbọ́dọ̀ kọ̀ọ̀kan

Ipinle ni awọn ọna ti o da lori ibajẹ ni R.1. Awọn igbese yẹ ki o jẹ deede si awọn ipalara ti a ṣe idanimọ, eyiti o tumọ si iwadi diẹ sii fun awọn alabara ati awọn ọja ti o ni ipalara giga ati awọn igbese ti o rọrun nibiti ipalara ti o ga julọ.

Mò mọ́ ọ̀rọ̀-ìwọ̀n rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yàn-ìwọ̀n rẹ̀

Ìṣàmúlò-ètò 10 kò gba àwọn kọ̀ǹpútà tí a kò mọ̀ nínú àwọn orúkọ ìṣàfihàn. O nilo CDD nigbati o ba n ṣe ibatan iṣowo, fun awọn akọọlẹ igbagbogbo ni oke USD / EUR 15,000, nigba ti o ba jẹ ẹsun lati fipamọ owo tabi idoko-owo ti awọn terrorists, ati nigbati ile-iṣẹ ba ronu pe data idanimọ ti a gba tẹlẹ.

Awọn igbesẹ CDD ni:

Ṣiṣe idanimọ alabara ati ijẹrisi idanimọ nipa lilo awọn iwe-aṣẹ orisun ti o ni aabo, data tabi alaye.
Ṣiṣe idanimọ ẹni ti o ni ẹtọ lati lo anfani ati ṣiṣe awọn igbesẹ to tọ lati rii daju idanimọ, pẹlu itumọ ti ohun-ini ati eto iṣakoso ti awọn eniyan ofin ati awọn ilana.
Imọ, ati bi o ti ṣee ṣe lati gba alaye lori, idi ati ojuse ti ibatan naa.
Ṣiṣe iwadii ati iwadi ti n lọ lọwọ lori awọn iṣowo lati rii daju pe wọn ni ibamu pẹlu imọ-ẹrọ ile-iṣẹ ti alabara, pẹlu, nigbati o ba nilo, orisun owo-ori.

Ti ile-iwe ko ba le pari CDD, o yẹ ki o ma ṣii kaadi ifowopamọ tabi fi idi ibasepọ mulẹ, ati pe o yẹ ki o ronu nipa fipamọ ijabọ iṣowo ti o ni igbẹkẹle. Laarin R.11, awọn iroyin iṣowo ati CDD gbọdọ wa ni aabo fun ọdun mẹrin lọpọlọpọ.

Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Imọ-ara ti o dara julọ (EDD) ni a lo ni ibi ti ibajẹ jẹ giga. Awọn idiwọn ti o wọpọ ni awọn eto-ọrọ ti o nira, awọn iṣowo owo-ori, awọn alabara ti a sopọ mọ si awọn orilẹ-ede ti o ga julọ, banki ti ara ẹni, ati awọn ibasepọ ti ko ni oju-si-oju laisi iwadii to lagbara. Awọn igbesẹ EDD pẹlu diẹ sii ninu awọn ifihan agbara lori orisun awọn owo ati orisun ti ẹbun, fọwọsi iṣakoso okeerẹ ati atunyẹwo igbagbogbo.

Awọn ẹ̀yàn tí a lo

A beneficial olori ni a eniyan ti o dabi ẹnipe ti o ni ipari tabi ṣakoso alabara kan. R.24 nilo awọn orilẹ-ede lati rii daju pe alaye ti o tọ, to tọ ati ọjọ-ọla-akoko ti o wa nibẹ fun awọn alaṣẹ, nipasẹ iwe-aṣẹ tabi ọna miiran. O tun daabobo awọn ipinlẹ tuntun ati pe o nilo awọn igbese lodi si lilo ti awọn oniṣowo ati awọn aṣoju.

EU fi igbimọ kan han. Labẹ Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò, a ìdí ti ise agbese ni o tumọ si ìdánilójú tabi ìdánilójú ti 25% tabi diẹ sii ti awọn ipinlẹ, ẹtọ idibo tabi miiran ìdí ti ise agbese ninu ohun-ini ile-iṣẹ kan. Iṣakoso nipasẹ awọn ọna miiran tun le ṣe ẹnikẹta bi oludari ti o ni anfani, ati 25% ibiti o wa ko yọ awọn iwulo lati mọ gbogbo eto naa kuro.

Awọn eniyan ti o ni ibatan si eto-ọrọ

A PEP ni ẹnikẹni ti a fi pamọ́ pẹlú iṣẹ́ olólufẹ̀ kan, bí a ṣe jẹ́ olóri-ìjọba, olólufẹ́ ìṣàlàyélẹ̀, olólufẹ́ ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀nù tabi olólufẹ́ agbára-iṣẹ́ olólufẹ́. Àwọn ọmọ-ẹ̀yàn ẹ̀bi náà àti àwọn agbẹ̀jọrò to bá jẹ́ ẹ̀kọ́ọ̀nù ní pánẹ́ẹ̀lì.

Fun àwọn PEP̀ aládúrò, R.12 ní ìgbàjójú àwọn ile-iṣẹ́ láti:

Ní ìdí-iṣakoso awọn eto lati yan boya a onibara tabi ti o ni anfani oludari jẹ kan PEP.
Gba ìgbàyélẹ̀ alábòójútó ààyè-iṣẹ́ láti fi kọ́ àwòrán tàbí lágbára ìṣàfarawe ibatan náà.
Ṣiṣe awọn igbesẹ ti o tọ lati ṣe agbekalẹ orisun owo-ori ati orisun owo.
Ṣàfikún àwọn ìṣàfihàn tí n bọ̀.

Fun awọn PEP ti orilẹ-ede ati awọn eniyan pẹlu awọn iṣẹ pataki ni awọn ile-iṣẹ kariaye, awọn igbesẹ wọnyi wa nibi ti ibatan naa jẹ eewu giga.

Iṣayẹwo Sanctions

Labẹ R.6, awọn orilẹ-ede gbọdọ fi “ko si ipẹ” silẹ fun owo-ori ti awọn eniyan ti a yan nipasẹ Ijọba aabo UN fun ikọlu, ati pe R.7 lo ọgbọn kanna lati sanwo fun ifihan.

Banks tun lo awọn sanctions autonomous ti awọn jurisdictions ibi ti wọn n ṣiṣẹ. Ninu EU eyi ni awọn ofin Council. Banks ti o ṣe awọn sisanwo ni awọn owo ilẹ yuroopu miiran gbọdọ tun gba akiyesi ti awọn regimisi sanctions ti awọn banki ẹlẹgbẹ wọn lo, nitori pe isanwo ti o fagilee awọn regimisi wọnyi yoo da duro ni ẹṣin.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò sanctions ni:

Ṣiṣayẹwo awọn alabara, awọn oniwun ti o ni anfani ati awọn ẹgbẹ ti a sopọ mọ ni onboarding ati nigbakugba ti awọn akojọ ba yipada.
Ṣayẹwo awọn sisanwo, pẹlu awọn orukọ ti awọn ẹgbẹ, awọn banki, awọn ọkọ ati awọn aaye, ni akoko gidi ṣaaju ṣiṣe.
Ìṣàmúlò-ètò àwọn ìrawọ̀n nípa àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá tí a kọ́, láti yọjú ìfẹ́nú àwọn ẹ̀yàn àìdálẹ̀ àti àwọn ìjánu-ìgbà.
Fi àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò pamọ́ láti fi hàn àwọn ìrísí-lẹ́tà.
Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ fún ìgbàdá, bí a tí n dẹ́nù láti fi àwọn ìròyìn gbàyàn.

Àwọn àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn ìṣàfarawé iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ìròyìn ìṣẹ̀dá

Igbagbọ ibaraẹnisọrọ ṣe afiwe iṣẹ alabara pẹlu profaili ti o nireti ati pẹlu awọn iru-ọmọ ti a mọ. Igbagbọ ni igbagbogbo ti ara ẹni, pẹlu awọn ipoidojuko ati awọn ibiti o ti wa ni fipamọ si ipilẹ alabara banki rẹ, ati pe a ṣayẹwo nipasẹ awọn oniwadi ti a kọ.

Labẹ R.20, ile-iṣẹ kan ti o "jẹrisi tabi ni awọn idi ti o tọ lati jẹri" pe awọn owo-ori jẹ awọn ipadabọ ti ẹṣẹ tabi ti o ni ibatan si idoko-owo awọn terrorists gbọdọ ṣe atẹjade lẹẹkansi si kọnputa alaye owo-wiwọle. Awọn atẹjade wọnyi ni a pe ni awọn atẹjade ifowopamọ ti o ni itara tabi awọn atẹjade iṣẹ ti o ni itara da lori ofin.

R.21 ìdíyelé awọn oṣiṣẹ ti reporting ni a dara àìmọye ati ki o ko le tipping-off, eyi ti o tumọ si fipamọ si awọn onibara tabi awọn miiran pe a iroyin ti wa ni filed. A banki gbọdọ nitorina ṣakoso awọn onibara ibasepọ pẹlu itara lẹhin filing, laisi fifihan awọn iroyin.

Pákìtì EU AML àti AMLA

EU gba package kan ni ọdun 2024 ti o gbe awọn ofin pupọ julọ lati awọn itọnisọna si ilana ti a le lo taara ati ṣẹda ijọba EU.

Ìrọ̀kọ́	Ìwọ̀n rẹ	Ìtàn Ìjáde
Àwọn Ìdájọ́ (EU) 2024/1624 (AMLR)	Iṣẹ-iṣe kan fun awọn ile-iṣẹ ti o ni ẹtọ: CDD, igbẹkẹle ti o wulo, PEP, rirọpo, iye to pọ julọ ti EU lori awọn sisanwo owo nipasẹ awọn oniṣowo ni awọn ọja ati iṣẹ ti EUR 10,000	Tí a fi lò láti 10 July 2027, àti ìtàn tó kéré fún àwọn ẹ̀yàn kan
Directive (EU) 2024/1640 (AMLD6)	Awọn aṣoju orilẹ-ede, awọn FIUs, awọn iwe-aṣẹ ti o ni anfani lati ṣakoso, awọn iwe-aṣẹ iroyin banki	Ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìpele nípa 10 Oṣù 2027, pẹlú àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí o tílẹ̀ fún àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ kan
Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò (EU) 2024/1620 (AMLA)	Ṣẹ̀dá Anti-Money Laundering Authority, tí wọ́n bá jẹ́ ni Frankfurt am Main	Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò láti inú 1 July 2025, pẹlu àwọn àkọlé mìíràn

AMLA yoo ṣe ayẹwo ni ọna ti o tọ si nọmba to kere ju ti awọn ile-ifowopamọ ati awọn ile-iṣẹ owo-ori ti n ṣiṣẹ ni awọn orilẹ-ede mẹta ti o kere julọ. Iṣẹ-aṣẹ naa nilo pe ilana iforukọsilẹ akọkọ lati bẹrẹ ni Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 1, Ọdun 2027, ati pe o sọ pe ayẹwo taara ti awọn entities ti a yan yẹ ki o bẹrẹ ni ọdun 2028. Ti diẹ sii ju awọn entities 40 ba wa ni ipo ni igba akọkọ, AMLA yoo ṣe ayẹwo awọn 40 ti n ṣiṣẹ ni nọmba ti o ga julọ ti awọn orilẹ-ede ẹgbẹ.

Fun awọn ile-iṣẹ miiran, awọn oludari orilẹ-ede wa ni ipo, pẹlu AMLA ti o ṣe akoso ati fifi sori ẹrọ awọn ilana imọ-ẹrọ.

Awọn ofin irin-ajo

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ààyè-iṣẹ́ ifowopamọ nípa àwọn alábòójútó ifowopamọ tí a bá fi pamọ́ láti inú ẹ̀yàn ifowopamọ́. Ò wa láti FATF R.16.

Ninu EU, Ajọṣepọ (EU) 2023/1113 lo lati ọjọ 30 Oṣù Kejìlá ọdun 2024 si awọn gbigbe owo-ori ati awọn crypto-assets. Fun awọn gbigbe owo-ori, alaye ti o ni ibatan si ẹniti n sanwo ati ẹniti n gba owo-ori ni a nilo lori EUR 1,000, pẹlu awọn ibeere ti o kere julọ fun awọn gbigbe kekere ti ko ni asopọ. Fun awọn crypto-assets, ilana naa lo awọn ibeere kanna "bibẹẹkọ ti iye wọn ati boya wọn jẹ awọn gbigbe inu tabi laarin orilẹ-ede".

The FATF revised R.16 and its interpretive note in June 2025, renaming it payment transparency. According to the CSSF’s summary, the changes standardise the information required in payment messages, clarify responsibilities along the payment chain, add measures against fraud, misrouting and error such as payee verification, and are to take effect by the end of 2030.

Àwọn àtòjọ aládábòójútó

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ FATF ni June 2026 plenary rẹ, bi ti summarized nipasẹ Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Iran ati Myanmar ti wa ni awọn ẹjọ-ibajẹ giga ti o wa labẹ ipe fun iṣẹ. Bosnia ati Herzegovina ati Iraq ti a fi kun si atokọ ti awọn ẹjọ labẹ iwadi ti n dagbasoke, ati Algeria ati Namibia ti yọ kuro.

EU n tọju atokọ rẹ ti awọn orilẹ-ede kẹta ti o ni ipalara giga. Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò o si gba awọn ayipada ni Oṣu kọkanla ọdun 2025 ti o fi Russia, Bolivia ati British Virgin Islands kun pẹlu ipa lati ọjọ 29 Oṣù Kejìlá ọdun 2026.

Ohun ti awọn oludari n ronu lati banki tuntun

A business-wide risk assessment awọn alabara, awọn ọja, awọn ọna asopọ ati awọn orilẹ-ede, ti a fọwọsi nipasẹ boolu.
A money laundering reporting officer pẹlu ẹtọ, awọn ohun-ini ati iwọle taara si ajọ.
Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a kọ̀ àti àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí wọ́n bá pọ̀ nínú ààyè-iṣẹ́ náà àti ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìrísí-lẹ́tà.
Sistemà tí a ṣẹ̀dà fún ìṣàfihàn àmì-àṣírí, fifọ́ọ̀sì àti ìrísí-lẹ́tà.
Awọn iṣẹ-ẹkọ fun gbogbo awọn oṣiṣẹ, pẹlu awọn iṣẹ-ẹkọ alamọja fun ile-iṣẹ akọkọ ati ibamu.
Ìwé-ìjẹ́wọ̀n ọ̀fẹ́ nípa ìṣàfihàn inú tàbí ààyè-iṣẹ́ inú.
Awọn ayipada ti o ni ibatan si awọn iṣẹ-ṣiṣe. Awọn oludari ṣe iyatọ AML framework pẹlu awọn alabara ati awọn orilẹ-ede ti o wa ninu ohun elo naa, ati pe wọn gbiyanju lati yanju awọn iṣoro.

Akọsilẹ ti n bọ wo ni banki ẹlẹgbẹ, nibiti awọn iṣakoso wọnyi ti a ṣe idanwo nipasẹ awọn banki miiran bi daradara bi nipasẹ awọn oludari.

Sources(8)

FATF: International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation, The FATF Recommendations (updated October 2025), as published by the Hong Kong Companies Registry · checked 2026-10-07
CSSF Newsletter No 295 (August 2025): FATF updates Standards on Recommendation 16 on Payment Transparency · checked 2026-10-07
Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 (Anti-Money Laundering Regulation) · checked 2026-10-07
Directive (EU) 2024/1640 (Sixth Anti-Money Laundering Directive) · checked 2026-10-07
Regulation (EU) 2024/1620 establishing the Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism · checked 2026-10-07
Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 on information accompanying transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets · checked 2026-10-07
FIAU Malta: FATF Public Statements, 19 June 2026 · checked 2026-10-07
European Commission: Anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism at international level (EU high-risk third countries) · checked 2026-10-07

Àkóónú nikan, kò jẹ́ ofin, owo-ori àwòrán. Àjọṣepọ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀.