Ṣàwarí · Àwọn Iṣẹ́

Core banki, cloud, outsourcing ati imọ-ẹrọ ofin

Ohun ti awọn eto banki core ṣe, bawo ni outsourcing ati awọn ofin buluu ṣe lo si awọn banki, ohun ti DORA nilo, ati bi imọ-ẹrọ ṣe n ṣe atilẹyin iforukọsilẹ ofin.

7 min ka · Ṣàfikún 2026-10-07 · 6 àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ Kekere

01Sítàmù banki ìmọ̀ jẹ́ àkọsílẹ̀ báǹkì fún àwọn òǹlò, àwọn kọ́ọ̀kan, àwọn ìbálẹ̀ àti àwọn ẹ̀yàn. Àwọn sítàmù mìíràn ní pàtó lórí rẹ̀.
02Banks lè fi pamọ́ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àti láti inú ìfẹ̀sì, ṣugbọn wọ́n ní ìgbàra-ẹni-nípa. Àwọn náà kò gbọdọ̀ jẹ́ àwọn ẹ̀yàn tí a kò ní, àti àwọn iṣẹ́ tí o yẹ̀ fún àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn àgbèkalẹ̀ náà ń mú àwọn ìṣàfarawé-ẹ̀yàn tó kù jù lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.
03Ninu EU, DORA ti fi sii lati ọjọ 17 Oṣù Kejìlá ọdun 2025. O ni iwulo fun fọọmu ẹ̀yàn ICT, ìforúkọsílẹ́ ìdájọ́ nla, idanwo àìmọye àti pẹtẹlẹ̀rẹ̀ gbogbo awọn adehun ẹgbẹ kẹta ICT.
04Ìròyìn ààyè-iṣẹ́ nípa ìṣàfarawe-ìdárawọ́lúgbà jẹ́ iṣoró imọ-ẹrọ lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ bí a tí n gbọ́. Àwọn àkókò gbọdọ̀ lọ́wọ́ lọ́wọ́làtí etó isẹ́ kan láti inú sítàtìkì, àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ àti AML ìròyìn nípa ìpéwọ̀n atí nípa ààyè.

A banki ni a set of promises recalled in a ledger. Ti o ba ti awọn ledger jẹ buburu, ko si wa tabi fipamọ, awọn banki le ma mọ ohun ti o nilo, san awọn alabara rẹ tabi ṣalaye si oludari rẹ. Fun idi eyi, awọn aṣoju bayii wo imọ-ẹrọ architecture, outsourcing ati cyber resilience bi ni igbẹkẹle bi awọn eto owo-ori.

Ohun tí ààyè-iṣẹ́ banki kọ̀ǹpútà ṣe

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò banki jẹ́ àkọsílẹ̀ tí a fi pamọ́. O ní àwọn àkóónú kọ̀ǹpútà aládúrò atí àkọsílẹ̀, gbékalẹ̀ gbogbo àwọn iṣẹ́, ṣàṣélúrá àwọn ẹ̀yàn àtí owó, àtí yìí mú àwọn àyọkà pánẹ́ẹ̀lì tí ohunkohun mìíràn dájú.

Awọn iṣẹ́ tí a lò ni:

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́	Ìwọ̀n rẹ̀
Ìṣàmúlò-ètò Àwọn Àkọ́lé	Àwọn àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn, ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ kọ̀ǹpútà, àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́, ipo kọ̀ǹpútà
Ledger atí iforukosile	Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a fi pamọ́ nígbà ìṣàfihàn tàbí pánẹ́ẹ̀lì àti àwọn ẹ̀yàn, àwọn àkóójútó àìdálẹ̀ ìpele gbogbogbo
Àwọn Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀	Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ìpamọ́
Ile-ẹ̀yàn	Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìṣàfarawé-iṣẹ́, àwọn ààyè-ìṣàmúlò-ètò
Awọn ibaraẹnísọrọ ìdíyelé	Àwọn ìpàpọ̀ sí ààyè-iṣẹ́, àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò kaadi náà àti àwọn kọ̀ǹpútà agbẹjọro
Aṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ Iṣẹ́	Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò, àwọn ẹ̀yàn, ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá tí a kò bá yipada nínú àkóódù
Àwọn Àkọsílẹ̀ atí Àkọsílẹ̀	Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò fún owo-ìròyìn, ààyè-iṣẹ́, àkọlé àwòrán àti àwòrán AML

Ni ayika core sit awọn eto miiran: digital channels, a sisan hub, kaadi iṣakoso, alabara onboarding ati idanimọ ijẹrisi, sanctions screening, transaction monitoring, treasury, owo ati awọn ofin reporting engine.

Ìyàn àwọn ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀

Awọn banki tuntun ni a lo lati yan laarin awọn awoṣe mẹta.

Software tí a fọwọ̀sì, tí a fi pamọ́ láti inú banki tàbí olupese kan. Bankì náà kọ̀ǹpútà àti ìṣàfihàn, ṣugbọn o ní ẹ̀yàn ìmọ̀ràn.
Software bi iṣẹ kan lori a cloud platform. Faster lati bẹrẹ, sugbon awọn banki da lori awọn roadmap ti awọn onibara ati resilience, ati awọn eto ni outsourcing.
Banking bi iṣẹ lati ile-iṣẹ miiran ti o ni iwe-aṣẹ. Irin-ajo ti o yara julọ, ṣugbọn o le mu ibeere kan wa boya banki tuntun yii ni ohun elo to to fun ara rẹ.

Supervisors kò sọ̀rọ̀ a model. Wọ́n ṣe àìdájọ́ kí o bá jẹ́ pé ile-ifowopamọ̀ mọ̀ àti kọ̀ǹpútà tí ó ti yan.

Àwọn Ìṣẹ̀dá

Outsourcing tumọ si pe olupese iṣẹ ṣe ilana, iṣẹ tabi iṣẹ ti banki yoo ṣe ni ọna miiran. Ninu EU, EBA Awọn itọnisọna lori awọn iṣeto outsourcing (EBA/GL/2019/02) ti wa ni ipa ni ọjọ 30 Oṣù Kejìlá ọdun 2019. Wọn ti gbe igbesẹ ti o kẹhin lọ, pẹlu iṣeduro ti EBA ti a pin lori outsourcing si awọn olupese iṣẹ buluu.

Ipinle Ogun ni o wa ninu awọn ipinlẹ ti a n ṣe agbekalẹ eto aabo to dara julọ, eyi ti yoo jẹ ki awọn eeyan wa ni ilera ati igbẹkẹle.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àti àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́

Awọn itọnisọna lo awọn ibeere ti o nira diẹ sii ni ibi ti iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti a fipamọ jẹ pataki tabi pataki, tumọ si pe ibajẹ yoo ṣe ipalara pupọ si ibamu, iṣẹ-ṣiṣe owo-iworo tabi iduroṣinṣin. Fun awọn iṣẹ bii eyi, banki yẹ ki o:

Ṣiṣe ayẹwo ibajẹ ati iwadii ti o yẹ lori olupese ṣaaju ki o to ṣe adehun.
Ṣaaju ki a to lọ si igbimọ aṣofin, o yẹ ki a sọrọ nipa awọn ẹtọ ati awọn ọranyan ti a ni ninu ofin.
Control sub-outsourcing, pẹlugẹ́gẹ́ bí a tì mọ́ àti ẹ̀yàn láti gbọ́dọ̀ kọ̀ọ̀kan.
Ṣàfikún àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìdárarẹ́ àti àwọn àkóónú.
Fi àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a fi pamọ́ atí tí a tíjálẹ̀.
Ṣàfihàn ìjọba tí a fi ṣẹ̀dá lọ́wọ́lẹ̀ nígbà tí a bà ṣé igbimọ́ kan.

Gbogbo awọn ilana gbọdọ wa ni atẹle ninu iwe-aṣẹ ti o ṣe agbekalẹ nipasẹ banki.

Ni ita EU

Ni Ilu Gẹẹsi, PRA Ifihan Supervisory SS2 / 21 lori ikojọpọ ati iṣakoso awọn eewu ti ẹgbẹ kẹta, ti a tẹjade ni Oṣu Kẹsan Ọjọ 2021 ati pe o ni ipa lati Oṣu kọkanla Ọjọ 31, ọdun 2022, o da lori ohun elo, aabo data, buluu ati iṣeto ipari. PRA ṣe apejuwe rẹ bi o ti n ṣe iranlọwọ fun "iduroṣinṣin nla ati lilo buluu ati awọn imọ-ẹrọ tuntun miiran".

Ní Singapore, MAS Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò Ìdáràn Ìjáde, ti a gbekalẹ ni ọjọ 18 Oṣù Kejìlá Ọdun 2021, fi awọn ofin silẹ fun iṣakoso ibajẹ imọ-ẹrọ, IT ati aabo nẹtiwọọki, ati pe wọn ṣe afikun pẹlu ifiranṣẹ ti o ni ibatan ati awọn itọnisọna ifihan iṣẹlẹ.

DORA: dígital operational resilience nínú EU

Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ Àkọ́lé àwòrán, Regulation (EU) 2022/2554, ti a lo lati 17 January 2025. O n mu iṣakoso ibajẹ ICT, awọn iroyin iṣẹlẹ, idanwo ati ibajẹ ẹgbẹ kẹta sinu ofin kan fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ owo-wiwọle EU, pẹlu awọn banki.

Awọn ààye DORA	Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ràn fún àwọn banki
Ìṣakoso àwọn ẹ̀yàn ICT	Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a fọwọ́sì nípa ìṣàfarawe-ẹ̀yàn tí a fi pamọ́ láti inú ẹ̀ká-ìdákọ́, tí o bá jẹ́ pé a lè mọ́, dáabobo, ṣàfihàn, gbágbọ́ atí paṣẹ
Ìròyìn Ìtàn	Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ICT tí a bá fi hàn nìpa àjọṣepọ̀ to lagbarà lórí Àrẹ̀sì 19, nípa ìṣàfihàn àwọn ẹ̀yàn-ìdákọ̀ọ̀kan náà
Ìtè-ètò Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀	Àtòjọ-ètò ìṣàyẹwo fún gbogbo àwọn ẹ̀yàn; fún àwọn ẹ̀yàn tí a mọ̀ láti àwọn olórí, ìsàlẹ̀-ìwé ìṣàyẹwo ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a fi pamọ́ lórí àwọn etó iṣẹ́ nínú Àrẹ̀sì 26
Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ICT	Ajọṣepọ kan lori ibajẹ ti ẹgbẹ kẹta ICT, awọn iye to kere julọ ti adehun, ati iwe-aṣẹ alaye lori gbogbo awọn adehun iṣẹ ICT labẹ Akọsilẹ 28
Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìṣàfihàn	Awọn aṣofin European Supervisory ṣe apejuwe awọn olupese iṣẹ ICT ti ẹgbẹ kẹta pataki ati pe wọn n wo wọn ni ọna taara labẹ nkan 31.

Akọsilẹ 28 sọ pe awọn ile-iṣẹ owo ti o lo iṣẹ ICT “jẹ, ni gbogbo igba, lati wa ni iduro fun igbẹkẹle pẹlu, ati ipadabọ ti, gbogbo awọn adehun” labẹ DORA ati ofin awọn iṣẹ owo. Iforukọsilẹ gbọdọ ṣe idanimọ awọn iṣẹ ti o ṣe atilẹyin awọn iṣẹ pataki tabi pataki. Awọn ile-iṣẹ gbọdọ ṣafihan ni ọdun kan lori awọn ilana tuntun ati fi alaye silẹ si ijọba ni ọna to tọ nipa awọn adehun ti a fọwọsi fun awọn iṣẹ pataki tabi pataki.

DORA Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ EBA Iṣẹ́ tí a ṣè nínú iṣẹ́, àwọn banki fi pamọ́ ohun-ini kan tí wọ́n bá fẹ́.

Ìdàràn Kọ̀ǹpútà

Cyber isoro ni bayi apakan ti prudential supervision. Supervisors royin a banki lati mọ rẹ alaye ohun-ini, tọju wọn ni proportional si wọn criticality, ṣawari ijabọ lẹẹkansi, ati ki o gba pada awọn iṣẹ pataki ninu awọn tolerances ti a ṣeto.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò bọ́tìnì lórí:

Ìdáràn ìṣàfihàn àti ìṣàfihàn to lagbara, láti inú ìgbàyàn-fáìlì mìíràn àti àwọn ìpejuwe ìsàlẹ̀-ilà.
Ṣiṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ àwọn sáàbòójútó nípa ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ àwọn pẹ̀lú.
Ìdákọ́ àwọn ìṣàfihàn nínú ìjánu-ìtàn náà, nígbà tí a kò bá gbọ́, àti ìṣakosó bọ́tìnì tí banki náà n pa.
Imọ-iṣe ti n lọ lọwọ ati agbara iṣẹ aabo, inu ile tabi ni ita.
Ìṣàmúlò-ètò àìdáràn atí ìṣàfarawé-àjọṣe.
Àwọn ìpamọ́ tí a tì ṣí ní pàtó láti inú ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìṣàfarawe-ẹ̀yàn náà tí a si ṣàyẹwo fún ìdájọ.
Iṣẹ́ iṣẹ́ ìdájọ́ tí n dẹ́kọ́ ìforúkọsílẹ̀ àti ibaraẹnisọrọ́.

Awọn iṣakoso ibajẹ sopọ cyber ati awọn sisanwo. Ijẹrisi olugba, awọn iṣiro ihuwasi ati ijẹrisi alabara to lagbara ṣe aabo awọn alabara bi awọn isanwo ti di yarayara ati pe ko le yọ kuro.

Akọsilẹ ofin

Banks report large volumes of data to supervisors and central banks. In the EU, Article 430 of the CRR requires institutions to report on own funds requirements including the leverage ratio, large exposures, liquidity requirements, asset encumbrance and ESG exposures, among other items, and certain institutions must also report financial information. Central banks add statistical reporting, and financial intelligence units receive suspicious transaction reports.

Àwọn àlàyé ní pánẹ́ẹ̀lì láti inú ìṣàmúlò-ètò náà. Ìjánu-ìròyìn láti inú ìsẹ́ẹ̀tì sítàmúlẹ́ẹ̀tì láti inú ààyè naà lórí:

Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn ìṣàmúlò-ètò nínú àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò inú atí àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò mìíràn.
Ààyè-iṣẹ́ àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tàbí àgbèkalẹ̀ láàyè tí a bá fi pọ̀ jú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ìpele lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́.
Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìṣàfihàn tí wọ́n sáà àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àti àwọn ìṣẹ̀dá.
Àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́
Ṣiṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ nínú ojú-ìwé tabi àwọn ìṣàfarawe-ẹ̀yàn tí a fọwọ́sí.

Àwọn aṣiṣe ni ìwé-ìròyìn lè ja si àìmọye ìfilọ́wọ́lẹ̀ ati, ibi ti wọ́n bá jẹ́wọ́ ilé-ìròyìn náà, ìgbàda. Bankì tuntun kọ́ọ̀kan lórí iṣẹ́ tí wọn n ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ààyè-iṣẹ́ fún ìwé-ìròyìn ìfilọ́wọ́lẹ̀ nípa ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìròyìn lọ́wọ́.

Àwọn tí àwọn alábòójútó fẹ́ nínú ìṣàmúlò-ètò líǹkì

Ààyè-iṣẹ́ ìṣàfarawé-ẹ̀rí, pẹlú ìṣàmúlò-ètò kọ̀ǹpútà kan, olùdúrò rẹ̀, olùfihàn rẹ̀ àti ààyè-iṣẹ́ rẹ̀.
A critical or important functions map, ṣàfihàn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a fi pamọ́ láti inú ààyè-iṣẹ́ náà.
Ṣẹ̀dá àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò fún gbogbo àwọn oníjánu-ìtàn, tí wọ́n jẹ́ òótọ́ nínú àkókò atí iye owo.
Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti ìrànwọ́, láti inú àwọn fún alábòójútó àti àpapọ̀.
Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ tí a ṣàyẹwo, pẹlú àwọn àkókò ìdájọ́ tí wọ́n dápọ̀ sí àwọn àṣẹ́ iṣẹ́ àkànṣe.
Ìfilọ́lẹ̀ àwọn ìṣàfarawe-ẹ̀yàn, bíi ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ìpari-si-ìpín, ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ ìjánu-ìròyìn àti ìgbàgbọ́ iṣẹ́.

The ECB's guide to fintech bank licensing asks applicants to consider an exit plan for ceasing operations in an orderly and solvent manner, without harming consumers or requiring regulatory intervention. Technology choices determine whether such a plan is credible: data must be retrievable, accounts transferable and payments able to stop cleanly.

Akọsilẹ to n bọ sọ awọn irin-ajo isanwo ti eto ipilẹ ṣe sopọ mọ: awọn ilana kaadi, SEPA, awọn sisanwo ni akoko gidi ati iṣeto akoko gidi.

Sources(6)

EBA: Guidelines on outsourcing arrangements (EBA/GL/2019/02) · checked 2026-10-07
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 on digital operational resilience for the financial sector (DORA) · checked 2026-10-07
Bank of England PRA: SS2/21 Outsourcing and third party risk management · checked 2026-10-07
Monetary Authority of Singapore: Technology Risk Management Guidelines · checked 2026-10-07
Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (Capital Requirements Regulation), consolidated text, Article 430 · checked 2026-10-07
ECB Banking Supervision: Guide to assessments of fintech credit institution licence applications (March 2018) · checked 2026-10-07

Àkóónú nikan, kò jẹ́ ofin, owo-ori àwòrán. Àjọṣepọ̀ ìforúkọsílẹ̀.