EU payments reform: PSD3, the Payment Services Regulation and instant payments

EU biyan dokoki na canja a kan biyu tracks a lokaci guda. daya gyara ne da aka riga a cikin aiki: Instant Payments Regulation, wanda ke sa euro instant canja wurin da mai biya tabbatarwa standard a duk fadin kasuwa. na biyu, PSD3 da Payment Services Regulation (PSR), an amince siyasa amma har yanzu yana tafiya ta hanyar aikace-aikacen.

Wannan jagora ya bayyana abin da kowane canji ke buƙata, lokacin, da kuma wanda yake shafar. The licensing gefen biyan kuɗi, ciki har da kasuwar da kiyaye dokoki ga biyan kudi da e-dalar cibiyoyin, an rufe a cikin daban-daban jagora kan e-dalar da cibiyoyin biya.

Me ya sa dokoki ke canjawa

PSD2 an yi amfani da shi tun lokacin da kasashe mambobi suka canza shi zuwa 13 ga Janairu, 2018. Ya buɗe kasuwa don fara biyan kuɗi da masu ba da bayanan asusun kuma ya gabatar da tabbatarwa mai ƙarfi na abokin ciniki.

Kuma rauninsu ya bayyana a bayan haka. The Council’s April 2026 note describes the aims of the new package as tackling payment fraud, increasing consumer protection, boosting transparency, improving access to cash and adapting the rules to new technology.

Asusun ajiyar euro na atomatik sun kasance suna da shekaru da yawa, amma karɓarsu ba ta daidaita ba kuma masu samarwa da yawa ba su ba da su ba, don haka EU ta zaɓi su yi musu umarni ta hanyar doka.

Tsarin biyan kuɗaɗe cikin sauri

Regulation (EU) 2024/886 was published on 19 March 2024. It amendes the SEPA Regulation (EU) No 260/2012, PSD2 and the Settlement Finality Directive, and applies to credit transfers in euro.

Core obligations

Dokar ta sanya wa masu bayar da sabis na biyan kudi, wadanda ke ba da canje-canjen bashi, wasu muhimman ayyuka huɗu:

1. Yana bayar da canja wurin atomatik ga kowa. Duk wani mai ba da sabis wanda ke ba da canja wurin bashi dole ne ya ba da aikawa da karɓar canja wurin bashi na atomatik ga duk abokan cinikinsa, tare da asusun da za a iya isa 24 hours a day on any calendar day (Article 5a).
2. Ten seconds. The payee's provider must make the funds available, and confirm completion, within 10 seconds of the payer's provider receiving the order.
3. Price parity. Charges for instant transfers may not exceed charges for standard credit transfers of the same type (Article 5b).
4. Verification of payee. A gaban mai biyan ya amince da canja wurin, mai bayarwa dole ne a duba sunan mai karɓa a kan mai tantance asusun, ba tare da kudin shiga (Sashe na 5c).

Canja wurin gaggawa dole ne kuma ya kasance yana samuwa ta kowace hanya ta hanyar da mai siye zai iya sanya canja wurin bashi na yau da kullun.

Verification of payee in practice

A karkashin Sashe 5c , mai karɓar biyan kuɗi ya tabbatar da ko sunan da IBAN aka bayar ta mai biya sun haɗu. Idan suna kusa da haɗin, mai biyan kuɗi an nuna shi da sunan daidai; idan ba su haɗu ba, mai biyan kuɗi an gargaɗi cewa kudin na iya zuwa asusun da ba a riƙe shi da mai karɓa ba.

The check cannot block the payment. Kuma wanda yake biyan kuɗaɗen yana da hakkin ya amince da su, kuma ya zama wajibi a gaya masa abin da rashin biyayya ga gargaɗi ke nufi ga haƙƙoƙin mayar da kuɗin.

Business abokan ciniki aika biyan kudi a cikin bulk iya zaɓar daga asusun, da kuma zaɓar zuwa baya a duk lokacin. A mai bayarwa da ke gudanar da asusun daidai ba ne mai alhakin wani canja wurin zuwa ga maras kyau mai karɓa da aka haifar da ta hanyar wani rashin daidaito mai ganewa. Idan asusun ya kasa saboda wata kuskure na mai bayarwa, mai bayarwa' s mai bayarwa dole ne ya mayar da mai biya da za a iya dawo da asarar daga mai bayarwa mai karɓa.

Sanctions screening

The regulation changed how sanctions screening works for instant payments. Under Article 5d, providers must screen their own customers against EU targeted financial sanctions at least once every calendar day and immediately after new or amended listings.

Su kuma ba za su iya duba mai biya ko mai karɓa a yayin kowane canja wurin lokaci guda don waɗannan matakan da aka ambata ba.

Dakata

Dokar staggers dakatarwa ta hanyar kudi na mai bayarwa 'yancin kasa.

Obligation	Providers in euro-area member states	Providers in other member states
Ka karɓi canja wurin gaggawa	9 January 2025	9 January 2027
Aika canja wurin gaggawa	9 ga Oktoba, 2025	9 July 2027
Price parity	9 January 2025	9 January 2027
Verification of payee	9 ga Oktoba, 2025	9 July 2027
Taswirar takunkumin yau da kullum	9 January 2025	9 January 2025

Jami'o'in biyan kudi da kuma jami'o'in e-dalar suna da ranarsu na musamman don alƙawarin canja wurin gaggawa a cikin Sashe 5a. a cikin yankin euro dole ne su aika da karɓar canja wurin gaggawa ta 9 Afrilu 2027; elsewhere they must receive by 9 April 2027 and send by 9 July 2027.

Masu bayarwa a cikin kasashe masu ba da euro ba za su iya, tare da izinin mai kulawa na gaba, ya hana canja wurin lokaci-lokaci a cikin euro daga asusun kudi na ƙasar. Wannan iyaka an ƙayyade shi ne ta hanyar mai kulawa kuma ba zai iya kasa da EUR 25,000 ba.

Buɗe tsarin biyan kuɗaɗen ga bakunan da ba na banki ba

Dokar ta kuma magance wani kalubale mai tsawo ga cibiyoyin biyan kudi da na e-money. Ta canza Dokar Cikakken Ciki don haka PIs da EMIs za su iya halartar tsarin biyan kudi na musamman, kuma ta canza PSD2 don ba da izinin tsare-tsaren da aka kiyaye a banki mai zaman kansa a kan ra'ayin wannan banki. Ƙungiyoyin kasashe na bukatar su yi amfani da waɗannan sauye-sauye ta 9 Afrilu 2025.

Ga ba-bankuna, wannan yana da muhimmanci. damar kai tsaye ga clearing da kuma biyan kuɗi na rage dogaro kan wani banki mai tallafawa, ko da yake kowane tsarin da kowane bankin cibiyar sadarwa har yanzu ke daidaita ka'idojin shiga na kansa.

PSD3 and the Payment Services Regulation

Kwamitin Turai ya gabatar da shirin a ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2023.

Instrument	Taɓa	Main content
PSD3	Ƙa'idoji, an canza su ta kasashe mambobi	Ƙaddamar da lasisi da kula da cibiyoyin biyan kuɗi, gami da fitar da kudi ta hanyar intanet;
PSR	Rukunin, da za'a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye	Ayyuka: haske, haƙƙi da alƙawarin, cin hanci, bude banki, mai ƙarfi autentication abokan ciniki

Wannan ya sa aka yi amfani da wannan tsari a cikin wasu kasashe na duniya, musamman ma kasashen Afirka.

Legislative status

The political agreement came at the final trilogue on 26 November 2025, according to the Council’s note. An aike da takardun shawarwari zuwa ga Coreper a watan Afrilu 2026 domin amincewa “da nufin cimma yarjejeniya a karatu na biyu”.

Kamar yadda 7 Oktoba 2026, Legislative Observatory ya nuna cewa kwamitin ECON na Majalisar Dattawa ya amince da takardun da aka yarda a kan 5 Mayu 2026. The files are awaiting the Council’s first-reading position, and the Observatory shows an indicative plenary date of 14 December 2026.

Ba a saukar da ita ba a cikin Littãfin Allah. Ƙaramar ƙididdigar da ke ƙasa ta fito ne daga takardun yarjejeniyar 2026 na watan Afrilu kuma za a iya sake ƙididdigewa ko daidaita su a cikin ƙarshe na shari'a-harshe.

Da zarar dokoki sun yi aiki

The PSR compromise text applies 21 months after entering into force. Articles 50 and 57, which extend payee verification, apply after 27 months.

PSD3 ya kamata a canza da kuma amfani cikin watanni 21 na shiga aiki. A halin yanzu biyan da e- kudi cibiyoyin da har zuwa watanni 27 bayan shiga aiki don nuna su supervisor cewa su cika da sabon bukatun.

Kuskure: tsakiyar PSR

Yaki da cin hanci shi ne canji mafi gani ga masu amfani. PSR yarjejeniyar rubutu tana ƙara wasu kayan aiki.

Payee verification for all credit transfers

PSR Sashe na 50 ya yi amfani da Instant Payments Regulation's verification of payee rules to all credit transfers, including those outside the SEPA Regulation's scope. Where an account is identified by something other than a IBAN, the check applies to that identifier.

Sashe 57 yana nuna doka mai alhakin. Idan mai bayarwa ya kuskura ya yi rijista yadda ya kamata, kuma biyan kudin ya tafi ba daidai ba, to, mai bayarwa na mai biya dole ne ya mayar da kudin ga mai biya ba tare da jinkiri ba, kuma zai iya karɓar kudaden daga mai bayarwa da laifin.

Banki

PSR Sashe na 59 tattauna karya inda wani mai laifi ya yi zaton shi ne asusun banki na mai amfani, ta amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da aka danganta zuwa gare shi. Idan wannan manipulation jawo mai amfani don amincewa da biyan kuɗi, mai bayarwa dole ne ya mayar da kuɗin gaba ɗaya, idan mai amfani ya sanar da shi cikin gaggawa kuma ya gabatar da karya ga 'yan sanda.

Mai samarwa yana da kwanaki 15 na kasuwanci don dawo da kuɗi ko ya bayyana dalilin rashin amincewa. Zai iya ƙi kawai idan aka yi zargin karya ko rashin kulawa mai girma daga mai amfani, kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin isar da shi.

Ka'idojin kashewa da raba bayanai

Wasika ta hadin gwiwa tana ba masu amfani da ita damar kulawa da yawa kuma tana bai wa masu samar da ita bayanai da yawa:

• Spending limits. Customers can set limits per transaction or per period. Remote increases take effect only after a four-hour delay, unless the customer opts out (Article 51).
• Yadda ake raba bayanan karya. Masu bayarwa dole ne su yi amfani da tsarin raba bayanai game da zargin laifin, tare da adadin bayanan da aka riga aka kiyaye ba fiye da shekaru biyar ba.
• Telecoms and platforms. Electronic communications providers must take measures against caller ID and email spoofing, and very large online platforms must cooperate with payment providers.
• Financial advertising. Very large online platforms and search engines must ask advertisers of regulated financial services for evidence that they are authorized (Article 59b).

A comparison: the UK approach

The UK chose a wider model for authorized push payment fraud. Since 7 October 2024, the Payment Systems Regulator has required reimbursement of Faster Payments APP scams up to GBP 85,000 per claim, with the Bank of England applying the same level to CHAPS.

An mai da hankali ne kan impersonation na mai ba da sabis na mai amfani da kansa fiye da duk wani laifi na biyan kuɗi, kuma inda ya dace, Sashe na 59 yana buƙatar dawo da kuɗin cikakke.

Buɗe banki a ƙarƙashin PSR

PSD2 ya halitta haƙƙin masu amfani da don fara biyan kuɗi da kuma masu ba da bayanan asusun (Abubuwan 66 da 67). A cikin aiki, ingancin haɗin gwiwa da matsaloli da aka sanya ta banki sun iyakance.

The PSR compromise text keeps the model and tightens it:

• Dedicated interfaces. Account servicing providers must offer a dedicated data access interface, with performance and availability requirements (from Article 35).
• Prohibited obstacles. A list of practices that obstruct access by third-party providers is prohibited (Article 44).
• Consent dashboard. Banks dole ne su ba abokan ciniki da wani dashboard a cikinsu na musamman interface don gani da kuma cire yarda da aka bai wa bayanai a kan asusun da kuma sake dawo da biyan farawa sabis (Sashe na 43).

Dashboard ana nufi da shi ne ya zama baƙin ciki. Littafin yana hana bankuna daga tsara shi a cikin hanya wadda ke hana abokan ciniki daga amfani da sabis na ɓangare na uku.

Cikakken bayani game da lissafin asusun banki

PSD2 ya riga ya bukaci samun damar shiga asusun banki na cibiyoyin biyan kuɗi akan wani abu, ba tare da bambance-bambance ba kuma bisa ga adadi.

PSR Sashe na 32 ya rage dalilan da wani banki zai iya ki ko kuma ya rufe wani asusun ga wata cibiyar biyan kudi, ma’aikatarta ko mai neman izinin. Dalilai masu halatta sun hada da karya dokar EU AML, rashin cika alkawari, rashin takardun shaida da kin karɓar ko cire lasisi daga cibiyar.

Ya kamata a sanar da rashin amincewa cikin wata guda na aikace-aikacen cikakke, tare da dalilan da suka dace da haɗarin mai nema ba waɗanda ake samu ba.

Kuɗi da sauran sauye-sauyen cikin PSD3

PSD3 Sashe na 37 yana baiwa masu sayar da kaya damar bayar da kudi ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba, a waje da tsarin lasisi, har zuwa EUR 150 ga kowane cirewa. Kasashen mambobi za su iya sanya wani matsakaicin adadi mai ƙarancin EUR 100, kuma cirewar dole ne ta kasance bisa ga tabbatarwa mai ƙarfi na abokin ciniki.

PSD3 kuma hada e-dalar a cikin lasisin hukumar biyan kudi da kuma saita sabon matsakaicin darajar. Waɗannan canje-canje, da dokoki na canji ga masu riƙe da lasisin da ke akwai, an rufe su a cikin shiri kan e-dalar da kuma cibiyoyin biyan kuɗi.

Crypto da stablecoins

Electronic money tokens under MiCA suna kuma “dakunan ajiya” ga biyan doka. The EBA ya bai wa crypto-asset sabis masu ba da har zuwa 2 Maris 2026 don samun PSD2 izinin ga biyan sabis da suka hada da wadannan alamun, kuma a cikin Nuwamba 2026 ya yi gargaɗi ga masu kula da yadda za a ci gaba bayan wannan ranar.

The PSD3 compromise text provides a shorter route. Supervisors should decide within 60 business days on a complete application from a MiCA-authorised CASP that wants to provide payment services only with e-money tokens.

Abin da kamfanonin ya kamata su yi yanzu

Ayyukan shiryawa na sauye-sauyen biyu suna gudana a daidai lokaci:

1. Instant payments. PIs da EMIs waɗanda ke bayar da canja wurin kuɗi na euro za su kasance suna gina damar gaggawa don lokacin ƙarshe na Sashi 5a, tare da tabbatar da mai biyan kuɗin da kuma bincikar hukuncin yau da kullun.
2. Controls karya. Banks da masu bayarwa na biya ya kamata su tsara su bincike na karya, abokan ciniki sadarwa da kuma dawo da matakai zuwa PSR Articles 50, 57 da 59.
3. Open banking. Account servicing providers should review their dedicated interfaces and design the consent dashboard.
4. Licensing. Da ake ciki PIs da EMIs ya kamata su shirya shaidarsu supervisor zai buƙaci a karkashin PSD3 transitional dokoki.
5. Kallon rubutun karshe.Tare da ranar PSR da PSD3 sun fara aiki daga lokacin shigar da dokar, wanda ya danganta da wallafa a cikin Jaridar Hukuma.

A waje na EU, hanya ce mai kama da haka har ma inda kayan aiki suke bambanta. Kamfanoni tare da abokan ciniki a yankuna daban-daban za su iya tsammanin biyan kuɗi na gaggawa, duba masu biyan kuɗin da kuma dawo da cin hanci don su zama halaye na gabaɗaya fiye da zaɓuɓɓuka.